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China’s and India’s strong appetite for energy and metal has boosted international prices and the volume and value of African exports. China in particular has become the main trade partner for a number of African countries providing cheap manufactured goods and reducing Africa's dependence from its traditional trading partners. Despite the push for exports, terms of trade and growth that the Asian giants provide to Africa, risks for sustainable poverty reduction are visible in higher raw material dependence and rent-seeking activities.

Economic development --- Economic development --- Economic development --- China --- India --- Africa --- Economic conditions --- Economic conditions --- Economic conditions

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restoration ecology --- socio-economic development --- ecosystems

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Spain --- Economic conditions --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Economie --- Spanje.

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Le développement durable, concept popularisé par la Conférence de l’ONU à Rio de Janeiro en 1992, revêt pour le Sud une double signification : le rappel des valeurs conservatrices de l’environnement rendu nécessaire par la reproduction des sociétés capitalistes du Nord et du Sud, et la place centrale des rapports sociaux dans la durabilité des ressources naturelles. La mondialisation des rapports marchands contemporains constitue un obstacle majeur à la durabilité.

330.34 <1-772> --- 339.96 --- 338.58 <4-772> --- 502.35 <1-772> --- #SBIB:327.4H60 --- #SBIB:327.4H10 --- Derde wereld: ontwikkeling, sociale verandering: algemeen --- Ontwikkelingsproblematiek: algemeen --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- Développement durable.

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This report reviews the development of sustainable consumption and production (SCP) policies and the progress in implementation in the countries of South East Europe (SEE) and Eastern Europe the Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA). The goal is to identify opportunities for and barriers to more sustainable consumption and production, and to highlight relevant experience which could be replicated throughout the region. The following countries are covered: SEE: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia; and EECCA: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The analysis is illustrated by examples of implementation of SCP initiatives at local level drawing on 18 city studies

Consumer behavior --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Europe: South-East --- Caucasus --- Central Asia --- Eastern and Central Europe --- Sustainable development --- Développement durable --- Europe, Eastern --- Asia, Central --- Former Soviet republics --- Russia (Federation) --- Europe de l'Est --- Asie centrale --- Ex-URSS --- Russie --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Conditions economiques --- European Union --- Commerce --- Trade --- markets --- Entreprise --- enterprises --- Offre et demande --- supply balance --- Comportement économique --- Economic behaviour --- Protection de l'environnement --- environmental protection --- Durabilité --- Sustainability --- Environnement socioéconomique --- socioeconomic environment --- Balkans --- Asie occidentale --- Western Asia --- Milieu 504.7 --- Consumptie 330.567.2 --- Productie 338.3 --- Duurzame ontwikkeling 502.31 --- Industrie 338.45 --- Voeding 613.2 --- Bouw 69 --- Vervoer 656 --- Afval 504:628.4 --- EG / Europese Unie 339.543EC/EU --- Azië (5) --- Développement durable --- Conditions économiques --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Environmental aspects --- Russian Federation --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Российская Федерация --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Російська Федерація --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Federazione della Russia --- Russische Föderation --- RF --- Federation of Russia --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Правительство России --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Правительство Российской Федерации --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Правительство РФ --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Rosja (Federation) --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- Roshia Renpō --- Federazione russa --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- CIS countries --- Commonwealth of Independent States countries --- Ex-Soviet republics --- Ex-Soviet states --- Former Soviet states --- New Independent States (Former Soviet republics) --- Newly Independent States (Former Soviet republics) --- NIS (Former Soviet republics) --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- Soviet Central Asia --- Tūrān --- Turkestan --- West Turkestan --- Asia --- Consommation durable --- Caucase --- Trade. --- Eluosi (Federation) --- 俄罗斯 (Federation) --- Sustainable development - Europe, Eastern --- Sustainable development - Asia, Central --- Sustainable development - Former Soviet republics --- Sustainable development - Russia (Federation) --- Europe, Eastern - Economic conditions - 21st century --- Asia, Central - Economic conditions - 21st century --- Former Soviet republics - Economic conditions - 21st century --- Russia (Federation) - Economic conditions - 21st century